A Case of an Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Caused by a Crossing Vessel

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is one of the common causes of hydronephrosis in infancy and childhood. Most cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction are diagnosed prenatally and are usually asymptomatic. Although less common, older children can experience ureteropelvic junction obstruction that presents with symptoms including flank or abdominal pain. Here, we present the case of a nine-year-old healthy girl who had repeated flank pain and abdominal symptoms, with mild left hydronephrosis, for several months. Computed tomography that was performed during the period of acute flank pain revealed aggravated hydronephrosis on her left kidney, which was secondary to an ureteropelvic junction obstruction. She underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty, and a crossing vessel that passed the ureteropelvic junction was identified. In addition, we reviewed the current literature of this rare entity.

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation: case analysis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation is rare and hard to diagnose at early stage. Blood loss and complications after embolization are both severe. Some cases can be diagnosed by ultrasound, enhanced CT scan or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy can identify the location of bleeding, exclude tumors, and discharge ureteral obstruction. A case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation was reported to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation. A 36-year-old female patient with congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation was hospitalized in the Department of Urology of Peking University People's Hospital. Five days before admission, the patient experienced whole course painless gross hematuria for 5 days with many blood clots. The patient's blood pressure was 90/70 mmHg, and hemoglobin was 60 g/L. The urinary CT scan showed a right hydronephrosis associated with dilatation of the upper ureter which was obstructed by space occupying lesion of the lower ureter. Many clots in the bladder could also be found in the CT scan. Cystoscopy showed many blood clots in the bladder and confirmed that the bleeding was fromthe right ureteral orifice. Ureteroscopy confirmed that the bleeding was from the right renal pelvis and many blood clots in the right ureter, and found no tumor in the right ureter and renal pelvis. We cleared the blood clots in the right ureter and inserted a ureteral stent.We thought that renal vascular malformation of the right kidney might lead to the hematuria from right renal pelvis. DSA showed a double renal arteries malformation in the right kidney. The diagnosis of "renal arteriovenous fistula" was considered with renal arteriovenous fistula in the right kidney. Selective arteriography revealed the presence of tortuous, coiled, dilated, and multichannelled vessels in the middle of the right kidney. With stainless steel coils, we embolized the vessels which supplied the fistula. Four days after the procedure, gross hematuria disappeared. Five days after the procedure, the patient's anemia improvedand the patient was discharged in good condition. Four months after the procedure, gross hematuria did not recur. The Doppler showed that the right kidney was normal and the renal dynamic showed that the right kidney function was normal. So DSA is the golden standard for diagnosis of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation. Confirming the number of renal arteries by abdominal aorta angiography is necessary to avoid missed diagnosis. Renal arterial embolization is safe and effective.

Management of full-length complete ureteral avulsion

ABSTRACT Introduction Complete ureteral avulsion is one of the most serious complications of ureteroscopy. The aim of this report was to look for a good solution to full-length complete ureteral avulsion. Case presentation A 40-year-old man underwent ureteroscopic management. Full-length complete avulsion of ureter occurred during ureteroscopy. Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis were performed 6 hours after ureteral avulsion. The patient was followed-up during 34 months. Double-J tube was removed at 3 months after operation. Twenty three months after the first operation, the patient developed hydronephrosis because of a new ureter upside stone, then rigid ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy were used successfully. Conclusion Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis may be a good choice for full-length complete ureteral avulsion.

Evaluation of sexual function in patients submitted to ureteroscopic procedures

ABSTRACTObjective:We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of ureteroscopic procedures on the sexual function of both genders.Materials and Methods:A total of 102 sexually active cases (60 male, 42 female) undergoing ureteroscopic procedures were included in this study. Sexual function has been evaluated in detail by using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in male and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) forms in female cases both before and 1-month after the procedures. Pre-and postoperative data were evaluated in a comparative manner.Results:The pre-and postoperative mean IIEF scores were 57.86±2.26 and 54.57±2.48 (p=0.19) in males and the mean FSFI scores were 13.58±1.46 and 14.46±1.52 (p=0.41), respectively in females. Evaluation of these values showed that regarding the effects of this procedure on male cases although the total scores for sexual function were not influenced it was observed a significant reduction in the intercourse satisfaction sub-domain (IIEF-IS) in males (p<0.05). In female cases however, unlike the male cases no statistically significant alterations with respect to these scores were noted (p=0.418).Conclusion:Ureteroscopic interventions could have some adverse effects on the sexual function particularly in male cases. However, it is clear that further prospective studies in both genders with large population of cases are certainly needed in order to outline this unresolved but important subject.

Avaliação do tratamento cirúrgico da obstrução da junção pielo-ureteral por meio de pieloplastia vídeo-laparoscópica robótica assistida / Evaluation of the management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction using a laparoscopic robotic approach

Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados iniciais e a curva de aprendizado dos primeiros 100 casos consecutivos do tratamento cirúrgico da obstrução da junção ureteropiélica por meio da pieloplastia robótica laparoscópica. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 99 pacientes (41 homens e 58 mulheres), com idade média de 38 anos (18-81 anos), foi submetido a 100 pieloplastias robóticas laparoscópicas consecutivas (um procedimento bilateral), realizadas pelo mesmo cirurgião. A determinação da curva de aprendizado foi baseada na avaliação do tempo de anastomose, tempo cirúrgico, complicações precoces e tardias e resultados a longo prazo. Os casos foram divididos em grupos de 25 procedimentos consecutivos (grupos 1, 2, 3, 4) de acordo com a data, em ordem cronológica, em que foram submetidos ao procedimento. Os pacientes foram reavaliados pelos médicos do serviço de urologia 3, 12 meses e anualmente após o procedimento através de avaliação clínica, onde relatavam melhora ou não dos sintomas, e exames de imagem (urografia excretora e/ou cintilografia renal). Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à idade e índice de massa corpórea. O tempo médio para confecção da anastomose foi de 50,0, 36,8, 34,2 e 29,0 minutos para os grupos 1 a 4, respectivamente (p=0,137). O tempo cirúrgico médio foi 144,6, 119,2, 114,5 e 94,6 minutos, apresentando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos 1 vs. 2 (p=0,015), 1 vs. 3 (p=0,002), 1 vs. 4 (p < 0,001) e 2 vs. 4 (p=0,022). A internação hospitalar média foi de 7,08, 4,76, 4,88 e 4,20 dias, apresentando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos 1 vs. 2 (p < 0,001), 1 vs. 3 (p < 0,001) e 1 vs. 4 (p < 0,001). Complicações significativas (Clavien-Dindo grau > 3) ocorreram apenas no grupo 2 (2 complicações grau IIIb). Um paciente no grupo 1 necessitou de conversão cirúrgica para a via aberta devido a dificuldades técnicas na dissecção piélica. O seguimento pós-operatório médio foi de...

Purpose: To evaluate the results and learning curve of laparoscopic robotic pyeloplasty during the initial 100 cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients (41 men, 58 women), with a median age of 38 years (range: 18-81 years), underwent 100 consecutive laparoscopic robotic pyeloplasties (one bilateral procedure), performed by the same surgeon. Learning curve estimations were used for anastomosis, operative time, early and late complications and long-term results. Sequential analyses were performed between the cases, which were divided in groups of consecutive 25 procedures (groups 1, 2, 3 and 4). Statistical analyses comparing the groups were performed. Results: All groups were similar with respect to age and body mass index. The median anastomosis time was 50.0, 36.8, 34.2 and 29.0 minutes for groups 1 to 4, respectively (p=0.137). Median operative time was 144.6, 119.2, 114.5 and 94.6 minutes, with a statistical difference present when comparing groups 1 and 2 (p=0.015), 1 and 3 (p=0.002), 1 and 4 (p < 0.001) and 2 and 4 (p=0.022). Mean hospital stay was 7.08, 4.76, 4.88 and 4.20 days, with a statistical difference present when comparing groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001), 1 and 3 (p < 0.001) and 1 and 4 (p < 0.001). Major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or above) were present only in group 2 (2 grade IIIb complications). One patient in the group 1 required a conversion to open surgery due to dissection difficulties during pyelic exposure. The medium follow up was 50.6 months. Three patients in group 1, one in group 2, two in group 3 and one in group 4 were lost to follow-up. A significant improvement (clinical and radiological) was present in 98.9% of patients in this series. At a late follow-up (50 months) one patient in group 3 presented a recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that success rate of LARP is high and complication rates are low. The operative time (learning curve)...

A Rare Cause of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

No abstract available.

Relationship Between Uncommon Computed Tomography Findings and Clinical Aspects in Patients With Acute Pyelonephritis

PURPOSE: Computed tomography (CT) has become popular in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and its related complications in adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between uncommon CT findings and clinical and laboratory data in patients with APN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2009 to July 2012, CT findings and clinical data were collected from 125 female patients with APN. The six uncommon CT findings (excluding a wedge-shaped area of hypoperfusion in the renal parenchyma) studied were perirenal fat infiltration, ureteral wall edema, renal abscess formation, pelvic ascites, periportal edema, and renal scarring. The clinical parameters analyzed were the age and body mass index of the patients as well as the degree and duration of fever. Laboratory parameters related to inflammation and infection included white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, pyuria, and bacteriuria. RESULTS: The most common CT finding was perirenal fat infiltration (69 cases, 55%). A longer duration of fever, higher CRP level, and grade of pyuria were related with perirenal fat infiltration (p=0.010, p=0.003, and p=0.049, respectively). The CRP level was significantly higher in patients with renal abscess and ureteral wall edema (p=0.005 and p=0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The uncommon CT findings that were related to aggravated clinical and laboratory parameters of APN patients were perirenal fat infiltration, ureteral wall edema, and renal abscess formation. The inflammatory reaction and tissue destruction may be more aggressive in patients with these CT findings.

Isolated ureteric endometriosis presenting as a ureteric tumor

A 32 year old lady presented with recurrent left flank pain for 4 weeks and chronic lower back pain. CT without contrast showed no stones and mild left hydronephrosis. CT of the spine suggested an inflammatory process at L5-S1 vertebra. The diagnosis was supported by a bone scan. Incidentally, the scan showed nonfunctioning left kidney. Diuretic renography confirmed poor perfusion and no excretion. A retrograde study showed narrowing of the ureter at the pelvic brim. Ureteroscopy showed a papillary mass in the lumen of the ureter from which multiple cold cup biopsies were taken. The pathology however was not conclusive. A robotic nephroureterectomy was carried out. Definitive pathology showed intrinsic endometriosis of the ureter. We conclude that endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained ureteric obstruction and ureteric lumen filling defects in young women

unusual cause of hydronephroureter

Intrauterine contraceptive device [IUCD] is a common method of contraception among women because of its low cost and high efficacy. Perforations are possible resulting in multiple complications including urinary complications. Obstructive hydronephrosis and hydroureter is one of the main clinical concerns in genitourinary practice leading to radiological investigations for determination of the cause. Determination of the cause leads to early treatment, hence saving the renal function. In this case report, we describe hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to a migrated/displaced IUCD

Laparoscopia no tratamento do ureter retrocava: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Laparoscopy in the treatment of retrocaval ureter: a case report and literature review

É apresentado um caso de ureter retrocava em paciente com queixa de dor lombar à direita, tratada após confirmação por tomografia computadorizada de abdome com contraste intravenoso com transposição do ureter direito (ureteroplastia) associada à implantação de cateter duplo J. sem intercorrências. Dessa forma, enfatiza-se a importância dessa malformação como uma das causas de uropatia obstrutiva e o uso de métodos de imagem para diagnosticá-la.

Manejo quirúrgico de la endometriosis vésico-ureteral y sus complicaciones / Surgical management of deep endometriosis

La endometriosis ureteral es una infrecuente localización de endometriosis profunda, que puede condicionar una grave disminución de la función renal de forma silenciosa. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con fibrosis peritoneal secundaria a endometriosis profunda, cuya inespecífica sintomatologia conllevó un retraso diagnóstico, permitiendo el desarrollo de hidronefrosis. Es necesario descartar la presencia de endometriosis profunda en mujeres en edad fértil con hidronefrosis de etiología desconocida.

Deep endometriosis rarely entails ureteral involvement. It may be responsible of asymptomatic loss of renal function. A 35-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, was managed for peritoneal fibrosis due to deep infiltrating endometriosis. The nonspecific symptoms let a delayed diagnosis and a subsequent hydronephrosis. It must be excluded the existence of deep endometriosis in women of childbearing age with hydronephrosis of unknown etiology.

A rare case of localised AA-type amyloidosis of the ureter with spheroids of amyloid

We present a case of localised AA-type amyloidosis of the ureter with spheroids of amyloid. Localised AA-type amyloidosis of the urogenital tract is uncommon and extremely rare as a cause of ureteric obstruction, with only two such cases described in the literature to date. Most previously described cases at this site are related to primary AL-type amyloidosis. Another interesting finding in this case is the presence of spheroids of amyloid, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported at this site, and is also unusual at other sites.

Practical value of intravenous urography combined with add-on CT in diagnosing ureteral abnormalities / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intravenous urography (IVU) combined with add-on CT (IVU-CT) can help to provide more diagnostic information for determining the localization and nature of ureteral abnormalities with less irradiation dose. This study aimed to determine the value of IVU-CT for diagnosis of ureteral diseases, where IVU is insufficient to determine the diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighty patients underwent IVU for suspected ureteral disorders, which identified a definite diagnosis in 184 cases and was insufficient for definite diagnosis in 96 cases designated as indeterminate diagnosis. Subsequently 90 patients (six patients declined CT) with indeterminate diagnosis consented to undergo immediate or delayed helical CT scan. The CT data were transferred to the workstation for post-processing, and the cost and mean effective dose for each imaging method were calculated and compared indirectly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 90 indeterminate diagnosis cases, diagnosis was determined in 86 cases by IVU-CT with a diagnostic accordance rate of 95.6%, while 184/280 (65.7%) had diagnosis determined by IVU alone. There was a significant difference between IVU and IVU-CT in the determination of the diagnosis of ureteral diseases (c(2) = 36.4, P < 0.05). The cost of IVU equals to 1/8 - 1/9 of that for CT urography (CTU), and the cost of IVU-CT is as much as 1/3 of CTU. CTU results in the highest mean effective dose, approximately nine times that for IVU and three times that for IVU-CT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IVU-CT provides valuable information for the localization and diagnosis of ureteral abnormalities and may be considered as an efficient, cost-effective and low-dose diagnostic technique in this setting.</p>

Terpene compound drug as medical expulsive therapy for ureterolithiasis: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of terpene compound drug (pinene, camphene, borneol, anethole, fenchone and cineol in olive oil) in facilitating spontaneous passage of ureteral calculiMETHODS: Systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID, Science Direct, Proquest, Google scholar, Cochrane Library databases and rference lists of related literature was done without language restriction. Trials on ureterolithiasis medical expulsive therapy (MET) that compare terpene compound drug versus placebo/control group or alpha-blockers were identified. Articles retrieved were critically appraised by two independent reviewers according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Data from included studies were extracted for calculation of risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Effect estimates were pooled using Mantel-Haenszel method with random effect model. Inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. The PRISMA guidelines for meta-analysis reporting were followed.RESULTS: Five trials (total of 344 subjects) of adequate methodological quality were included. Pooled effect estimates from homogenous studies showed that compared to placebo/ control group, patients treated with terpene compound drug had significantly higher ureteral calculi expulsion rate (pooled RR: 1.34; 95% CI 1.12, 1.61). Analysis of studies that compare terpene compound drug with alpha-blockers showed no significant difference (pooled RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.59, 1.06), although significant inter-study heterogeneity was noted. Only minor gastrointestinal adverse effect was reported on terpene compound drug use.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that terpene compound drug as MET is effective in promoting passage of ureterolithiasis. High quality large-scale RCTs comparing alpha-blockers and terpene compound drug are warranted to make a more definitive conclusion.

Invasive Aspergillosis Arising from Ureteral Aspergilloma

Ureteral obstruction may develop in immunocompromised patients with an Aspergillus fungal infection. Infections can progress to invasive aspergillosis, which is highly lethal. We report a case of a 56-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and diabetes. He had ureteral aspergilloma, discovered as a saprophytic whitish mass. It was treated by ureteroscopic removal, however, he refused antifungal treatment. His condition progressed to invasive aspergillosis, and died from sepsis and hepatorenal syndrome.

[ female urethral diverticulum analysis of 27 cases]

To assess the clinical, radiological and therapeutic aspects of the female urethral diverticula through a series of 27 cases. Twenty seven women, with a mean age of 36.2 years [range 22 to 62 years] presenting a urethral diverticula, were treated between 1990 and 2008. Clinical examination made diagnosis in all cases. The urethral diverticula were excised via a transvaginal approach in all cases but one who refused surgery. twenty four patients had favorable immediate outcome. Diverticular recurrence was not reposted in any case. After a median follow-up of 22 months only three patients have some urinary urgency that was treated by anticholinergics. Urethral diverticular should be suspected in all cases of female lower urinary tract symptoms. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination and radiologic investigations. Transvaginal surgical excision gives the best results